🚀 What is EC2?

- Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

- Access reliable, scalable infrastructure on demand. Scale capacity within minutes with SLA commitment of 99.99% availability.

- Provide secure compute for your applications. Security is built into the foundation of Amazon EC2 with the AWS Nitro System.

🌟 Key Features

• Scalable: Adjust server capacity as needed.

• Flexible: Choose instance types based on your needs.

• Pay-as-you-go: Pay only for what you use.

EC2 usecases

Deliver secure, reliable, high-performance, and cost-effective compute infrastructure to meet demanding business needs.

Access the on-demand infrastructure and capacity you need to run HPC applications faster and cost-effectively.

Access environments in minutes, dynamically scale capacity as needed, and benefit from AWS’s pay-as-you-go pricing.

Deliver the broadest choice of compute, networking (up to 400 Gbps), and storage services purpose-built to optimize price performance for ML projects

EC2 Instance Types

Basic Concepts

• Instance: A virtual server.

• AMI: Template with OS and software.

• Instance Types:

  • t3.micro - Small, general-purpose.

  • c5.large - For compute-heavy tasks.

  • r5.large - For memory-intensive tasks.

General purpose

General Purpose instances are designed to deliver a balance of compute, memory, and network resources. They are suitable for a wide range of applications, including web servers,

small databases, development and test environments, and more.

Compute optimized

Compute Optimized instances provide a higher ratio of compute power to memory. They excel in workloads that require high-performance processing such as batch processing,

scientific modeling, gaming servers, and high-performance web servers.

Memory optimized

Memory Optimized instances are designed to handle memory-intensive workloads. They are suitable for applications that require large amounts of memory, such as in-memory databases,

real-time big data analytics, and high-performance computing.

Storage optimized

Storage Optimized instances are optimized for applications that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets.

They are ideal for tasks like data warehousing, log processing, and distributed file systems.

Accelerated computing

Accelerated Computing Instances typically come with one or more types of accelerators, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs),

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or custom Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs).

These accelerators offload computationally intensive tasks from the main CPU, enabling faster and more efficient processing for specific workloads.

💰 Pricing Models

• On-Demand: Pay by the hour/second. No commitment.

• Reserved: Save money with a 1-3 year commitment.

• Spot: Bid on unused capacity at lower prices.

Learn EC2 Pricing Models: https://youtu.be/_d42iIc-P5I?si=iryRTLHu10dwFOUM

📝 Getting Started

1. Choose an AMI: Select OS/software.

2. Pick an Instance Type: Size your server.

3. Set Security Groups: Control access.

4. Launch: Start and connect to your instance.

🔑 Important Concepts

• Elastic IP: Static IP address.

• Security Groups: Firewall rules for your instance.

• EBS: Persistent storage.

📌 Tips

• Start Small: Use a free tier t3.micro to learn.

• Backup: Take snapshots of your data.

• Monitor: Use CloudWatch for performance and cost tracking.

📚 Resources

• AWS Free Tier: 750 hours/month on t3.micro.

AWS Documentation: Learn more.

Launch an EC2 Instance

Learn how to launch and connect to an EC2 instance. This step-by-step guide covers the essential steps to get your instance up and running.

Steps to Launch an Instance

1. Sign in to AWS Management Console

Navigate to the EC2 Dashboard.

2. Launch Instance

Click "Launch Instance" to start the instance creation wizard.

3. Choose AMI

Select an Amazon Machine Image (AMI). Options include:

Amazon Linux 2

Ubuntu Server

Microsoft Windows Server

4. Choose Instance Type

Select the instance type based on your requirements (e.g., t3.micro for low-cost testing).

5. Configure Instance

Set up network settings, IAM roles, and other configurations.

6. Add Storage

Attach Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes. Default volume size and type can be modified.

7. Add Tags

Apply tags to organize and identify instances (e.g., Name: MyWebServer).

8. Configure Security Group

Define inbound and outbound rules. For example, allow HTTP (port 80) and SSH (port 22).

9. Review and Launch

Review your settings and click "Launch". Select an existing key pair or create a new one.

Connecting to Your Instance

• Linux: Use SSH:

·        ssh -i "your-key.pem" ec2-user@your-instance-public-dns

Windows: Use Remote Desktop (RDP). Download the RDP file and use the password generated during instance launch.

Example Use Case

Development: Developers use EC2 instances to test new applications before deploying them to production.

Certification Tips

Practice launching and configuring instances: Key for the AWS Certified Solutions Architect and AWS Certified DevOps Engineer exams.

Resources

Connecting to Your Instance

Security Groups

Security Groups act as virtual firewalls for your EC2 instances. They control the inbound and outbound traffic to ensure your instances are secure.

Key Points

Inbound Rules: Specify the allowed incoming traffic. Example rules include:

• • Allow HTTP (port 80) from anywhere.

    • Allow SSH (port 22) only from specific IP addresses.

Outbound Rules: Define the allowed outgoing traffic. By default, all outbound traffic is allowed.

Best Practices

• Least Privilege: Only open the necessary ports and restrict access to specific IP ranges or security groups.

• Regular Review: Periodically review security group rules to ensure they adhere to current security policies.

Example Configuration

• Web Server: Allow HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443) from any IP address.

• Database: Restrict access to the database instance by allowing connections only from specific IP addresses or security groups.

Certification Tips

• Understand security group configurations and best practices: Important for AWS Certified Solutions Architect and AWS Certified Security Specialty exams.

Resources

• Security Groups for Your VPC

• Best Practices for Security Groups

Elastic IPs

Elastic IPs are static IP addresses designed for dynamic cloud computing. They provide persistent IP addresses for your EC2 instances, even if they are stopped or restarted.

Key Points

• Allocation: Allocate an Elastic IP from the AWS Management Console or CLI.

• Association: Attach the Elastic IP to your EC2 instance.

• Release: Release the Elastic IP when no longer needed to avoid extra charges.

Benefits

• Static IP: Maintain a consistent IP address even if the instance is stopped or restarted.

• Failover: Quickly remap the IP address to another instance in case of failure or maintenance.

Example Use Case

• High Availability: Use Elastic IPs to ensure that your application's IP address remains constant, even if you need to replace the underlying instance.

Certification Tips

• Understand Elastic IP management and cost implications: Useful for AWS Certified Solutions Architect and AWS Certified DevOps Engineer exams.

Resources

• Elastic IP Addresses

• Elastic IP Best Practices

AMI (Amazon Machine Image)

Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) are pre-configured templates used to create EC2 instances. They include the operating system, application server, and applications.

Key Points

• Creating an AMI: Capture the state of your instance to create a reusable image.

• Launching from AMI: Quickly deploy new instances with the same configuration as the AMI.

• Sharing AMIs: Share your custom AMIs with other AWS accounts or make them public.

Example Use Cases

• Standardized Deployments: Create an AMI with pre-installed software to ensure consistent deployments across multiple instances.

• **

Example Use Cases and Common Case Studies for EC2

Amazon EC2 is a versatile service used in a wide range of applications across different industries. This page highlights common use cases and real-world case studies that demonstrate how EC2 is used to solve business challenges.

Use Cases

1. Web Hosting

• Scenario: A startup needs to host its website with minimal upfront investment.

• Solution: EC2 instances are used to host the web server (Apache/Nginx) and the application backend. Auto Scaling and Load Balancing are configured to handle traffic spikes efficiently.

• Example: A blog website using t3.micro instances to start and scaling up as traffic grows.

2. Big Data Analytics

• Scenario: A retail company wants to analyze customer data to gain insights into purchasing behavior.

• Solution: EC2 instances are used to run Apache Hadoop and Spark clusters for large-scale data processing.

• Example: Analyzing petabytes of sales data during Black Friday using EC2 and Amazon EMR.

3. Disaster Recovery

• Scenario: A financial services company requires a disaster recovery solution with minimal downtime.

• Solution: EC2 instances in a different region replicate the primary data center. In case of a disaster, the standby environment can be quickly activated.

• Example: A company uses EC2 and S3 for cross-region replication and failover during outages.

4. High-Performance Computing (HPC)

• Scenario: A research lab needs to run complex simulations that require significant computational power.

• Solution: EC2 instances with high CPU and GPU configurations are used to perform simulations in parallel, reducing the time required for processing.

• Example: Genomic research using c5n.18xlarge instances to perform DNA sequencing analysis.

5. Scalable Mobile Backend

• Scenario: A gaming company needs a scalable backend to handle millions of users in real-time.

• Solution: EC2 instances run the game’s backend services, which auto-scale based on demand. DynamoDB and S3 are used for storage, and CloudFront for content delivery.

• Example: A mobile game with millions of daily active users scaling EC2 instances during peak hours.

Common Case Studies

1. Airbnb

• Challenge: Airbnb needed a scalable infrastructure to handle its rapidly growing user base.

• Solution: By using Amazon EC2, Airbnb could scale its computing resources up or down based on demand. Auto Scaling and Elastic Load Balancing ensured high availability and performance.

• Outcome: Airbnb successfully scaled its operations globally, managing billions of search requests and accommodating millions of guests.

2. Netflix

• Challenge: Netflix needed to deliver content to millions of users worldwide without interruptions.

• Solution: Netflix uses thousands of EC2 instances across multiple regions to power its streaming service. EC2’s flexibility allows Netflix to optimize its infrastructure costs and performance.

• Outcome: Netflix provides seamless streaming to over 200 million subscribers, thanks to its robust EC2-based infrastructure.

3. NASA/JPL

• Challenge: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) needed a computing environment to process large volumes of data from the Mars Rover.

• Solution: JPL utilized EC2 instances to analyze data from Mars in real-time, enabling scientists to make decisions quickly.

• Outcome: EC2 enabled NASA to process terabytes of data efficiently, helping them make critical mission decisions.

Certification Tips

• Understand Real-World Applications: AWS exams often test your knowledge of how EC2 is applied in real-world scenarios. Familiarize yourself with these use cases.

• Study Case Studies: AWS whitepapers and case studies provide insights into how companies use EC2. These examples can help you answer scenario-based questions on exams.

• Focus on Scalability and Cost Optimization: These are key topics in certification exams, especially in the AWS Certified Solutions Architect and AWS Certified DevOps Engineer exams.

Resources

• AWS Case Studies

• EC2 Best Practices

• AWS Whitepapers

EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) provides scalable virtual servers in the cloud, allowing you to deploy, manage, and scale applications with flexibility and ease. This section covers essential concepts, practical examples, and best practices for working with EC2.

Basic Concepts

• Instances: Virtual machines with customizable configurations of CPU, memory, and storage.

• AMI (Amazon Machine Image): Pre-configured templates to launch instances with specific configurations and software.

• Security Groups: Virtual firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic to your instances.

• Elastic IPs: Static IP addresses designed for dynamic cloud computing.

• Auto Scaling: Automatically adjusts the number of instances based on demand.

Learning Path

1. Introduction to EC2: Understand the basics of EC2, including instance types, pricing models, and key concepts.

2. Launching an Instance: Follow a step-by-step guide to launching and connecting to an EC2 instance.

3. Security Groups: Learn about security rules, best practices, and configuring security groups.

4. Elastic IPs: Manage static IP addresses and understand their use cases.

5. AMI: Create and use Amazon Machine Images to standardize instance configurations.

6. Example Use Cases and Case Studies: Review common use cases and case studies for understanding the application of EC2 in various industries.

Examples

• [Web Server Setup]: Launch an EC2 instance and set up a web server (e.g., Apache or Nginx).

• [Auto Scaling]: Configure Auto Scaling to handle varying traffic loads and ensure high availability.

Certification Tips

• AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate: Focus on EC2 instance types, Auto Scaling, and cost management.

• AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional: Emphasize automation, security group configuration, and scaling best practices.

Getting Started

Explore the following files to dive deeper into EC2:

EC2

• Introduction to EC2

• Launch an EC2 Instance

• Security Groups

• Elastic IPs

• AMI

• Examples

• Example Use Cases and Case Studies

Hands on parts

Lets create a instance and deploy Jenkins on aws

• Launching and connecting to EC2 instances via SSH

• Instance types, security groups, and key pairs

• Project: Deploy a simple web application (e.g., Jenkins) on an EC2 instance and access it externally